Verb
Participles: participe passé
Corresponds to the past participle (done, written, seen, etc.). It is needed in formation of compound tenses and passive voice.
Formation:
- in conjugation I ending -é: parler - parlé
- in conjugation II ending -i: finir - fini
Also verbs aller, envoyer, renvoyer form this participle regularly (allé, envoyé, renvoyé).
In the III conjugation it is formed very irregularly :
Verbs in -re: As a rule, -ire changes into -it (faire - fait, dire - dit, écrire - écrit, conduire - conduit, faire - fait). Verbs : mettre > mis, prendre > pris (also with prefixes : commettre - commis, comprendre - compris). Verbs in -eindre, -oindre change -re into -t (peindre - peint, atteindre - atteint, joindre - joint), verbs in -endre, -ondre, -attre, -ordre change -re into -u (attendre - attendu, rendre - rendu, descendre - descendu, répondre - répondu, battre - battu). Verbs in -oire have -u (boire - bu, croire - cru).
| être |
été |
| croire |
cru |
| croître |
crû |
| vivre |
vécu |
| lire |
lu |
| suivre |
suivi |
| connaître |
connu |
| naître |
né |
| rire |
ri |
| paraître |
paru |
Verbs in -oir: If one can form a rule, most often -oir changes into -u (voir - vu, vouloir - voulu, valoir - valu), but -cevoir becomes -çu (recevoir - reçu).
| avoir |
eu |
| savoir |
su |
| devoir |
dû |
| vivre |
vécu |
| pouvoir |
pu |
| mouvoir |
mû |
| asseoir |
assis |
Irregular verbs in -ir: Verbs tenir, venir, vêtir, courir (also their forms with prefixes) change -ir into -u.
The verb mourir has the participle : mort. The verbs offrir, ouvrir, souffrir, couvrir change -rir into -ert (offert, ouvert, souffert). Verbs in -quérir have -quis (acquérir - acquis). The other verbs change -ir into -i.