Other details :
- c is pronounced as ts before ä, e, i: Cäsar, Circe; c is pronounced k before other vowels and at the end of the word : Calau, Cabinda, Canasta (there are some exceptions)
- ch after a, o, u is pronounced as Scottish ch in loch ch: auch, Buch, Rachen; ch after eu, äu, e and other vowels it's soft (palatalized) : ich, dich, euch
- ch at the beginning of a word before ä, e, i it is pronounced as soft ch : ich, dich, euch, in other positions it's most often pronounced as k: Charakter
- ck is pronounced as English k: Nacken
- g in the suffix -ig is pronounced as soft ch’ : knackig
- h after a vowel is not pronounced at all : nehmen, nahe (exception: Ahorn), in other cases pronounced as English h : Habe, Haare
- ng is pronounced as ng in "singer, long, song": Gesang, singen
- ph is pronounced as English f: Photographie
- s at the beginning of a word and between vowels is pronounced as English z: Sahne, Sache, Hase; together with consonants other than t, p as English s: Sklave, Slowake, Slawe, Smoking
- sch is pronounced as English sh: schwarz, Schmelz
- ss is pronounced as English s in "soft, sign": lassen
- sp is usually pronounced as English shp: Spagat, spät
- st is usually pronounced as English sht: Stand, stehen
- ß is pronounced as English s: Faß, Maß
- tsch is pronounced as English cz: Deutsch
- th is pronounced as English t: Theater
- tz is pronounced as English ts: Katze
- v is usually pronounced as English f: vor, vergeben; only in loanwords it is sometimes pronounced as v: Violine
- y before a vowel : pronounced as English j: Yacht, in other, more numerous cases as ü: Ypsilon
- z is pronounced as English ts: Zustand, Zahn.