Sanskrit demonstrative pronouns

Sanskrit demonstrative pronouns

Sanskrit demonstrative pronouns have a declension similar to adjectives.


Pronoun saḥ, sā, tat
This pronoun is translated most often as "he, she, it". It is declined like words with -a- and -ā- stem (ta-, tā-) except nom.sing., but it has some exceptional forms:
in masc. and neutr. with added -asm- : dat. sing. tasmai, abl. sing. tasmāt, loc. sing. tasmin
in fem. : with added -asy- : tasyai, tasyāḥ, tasyām
nom. pl. masc. te, gen. plur. masc.neutr. teṣām
saḥ, sā, tat : singular
casemasculinumneutrumfemininum
nom. voc.saḥtat
acc.tamtattām
instr.tenatayā
dat.tasmaitasyai
abl.tasmāttasyāḥ
gen.tasyatasyāḥ
loc.tasmintasyām
Plural:
casemasculinumneutrumfemininum
nom. voc.tetānitāḥ
acc.tāntānitāḥ
instr.taiḥtābhiḥ
dat.abl.tebhyaḥtābhyaḥ
gen.teṣāmtāsām
loc.teṣutāsu
Dual:
casemasculinumneutrumfemininum
nom. acc. voc.tautete
instr.dat.abl.tābhyāmtābhyām
gen.loc.tayoḥtayoḥ


Pronoun ayam, idam, iyam
This pronoun is also declined like words with -a- and -ā- stem (a-, ā-) except nom. sing. Its stem is ima- / imā- in nom. acc., and a- / ā- in other cases. It has some exceptional forms: it adds -asm- and -asy- in dat. abl. loc. sg. and has nom. pl. masc. ime, gen. plur. masc.neutr. eṣām. Exceptional is instr. plur. ebhiḥ. Three forms begin with an- : anena, anayā, anayoḥ.
ayam, idam, iyam : singular
casemasculinumneutrumfemininum
nom. voc.ayamidamiyam
acc.amamidamimām
instr.anenaanayā
dat.asmaiasyai
abl.asmātasyāḥ
gen.asyaasyāḥ
loc.asminasyām
Plural:
casemasculinumneutrumfemininum
nom. voc.imeimāniimāḥ
acc.imānimāniimāḥ
instr.ebhiḥābhiḥ
dat.abl.ebhyaḥābhyaḥ
gen.eṣāmāsām
loc.eṣuāsu
Dual:
casemasculinumneutrumfemininum
nom. acc. voc.imauimeume
instr.dat.abl.ābhyāmābhyām
gen.loc.anayoḥanayoḥ