Formation of
perfectum is described here :
formation of perfectum. This tense has unique own endings. However formation of perfectum is pretty complicated, all verbs are conjugated identically in this tense:
| person | singular | plural |
| 1 | -i | -imus |
| 2 | -isti | -istis |
| 3 | -it | -erunt |
Example of conjugation in perfectum, verb : voco, vocare, vocavi:
| person | singular | plural |
| 1 | vocavi | vocavimus |
| 2 | vocavisti | vocavistis |
| 3 | vocavit | vocaverunt |
Plusquamperfectum is formed from perfectum: the ending -i is removed, and an ending is added which is identical with imperfectum of the verb sum, esse (eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant) :
| person | singular | plural |
| 1 | vocaveram | vocaveramus |
| 2 | vocaveras | vocaveratis |
| 3 | vocaverat | vocaverant |
Next tense is
futurum exactum. This tense is also formed from perfectum: the ending -i is removed, and an ending is added which is identical with futurum of the verb sum, esse (ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint) :
| person | singular | plural |
| 1 | vocavero | vocaverimus |
| 2 | vocaveris | vocaveritis |
| 3 | vocaverit | vocaverint |
Subjunctive perfect is different from futurum exactum only in one form (1st person singular). To form it, the ending -i is removed and -erim is added. This tense has subjunctive endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
| person | singular | plural |
| 1 | vocaverim | vocaverimus |
| 2 | vocaveris | vocaveritis |
| 3 | vocaverit | vocaverint |
Last perfect tense is
subjunctive plusquamperfect. To form it, -ssem is added to perfectum form. This tense has also subjunctive endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).
| person | singular | plural |
| 1 | vocavissem | vocavissemus |
| 2 | vocavisses | vocavissetis |
| 3 | vocavisset | vocavissent |
The forms of
passive voice of these tenses are formed in the following way : we add to the passive participle a form of the verb sum, esse in a determined tense.
In
perfectum passivi, the form of prasens is added :
| person | singular | plural |
| 1 | vocatus sum | vocati sumus |
| 2 | vocatus es | vocati estis |
| 3 | vocatus est | vocati sunt |
Passive of other perfect tenses : The following forms of sum, esse are added to the passive participle :
Plusquamperfectum: imperfectum of sum : vocatus eram, vocatus eras, vocatus erat, vocati eramus, vocati eratis, vocati erant
Futurum exactum: futurum of sum: vocatus ero, vocatus eris, vocatus erit, vocati erimus, vocati eritis, vocati erunt
Subjunctive perfect: subjunctive present of sum: vocatus sim, vocatus sis, vocatus sit, vocati simus, vocati sitis, vocati sint
Subjunctive plusquamperfect: subjunctive imperfect of sum: vocatus essem, vocatus esses, vocatus esset, vocati essemus, vocati essetis, vocati essent