Futurum is a past tense. Its formation is simple: we take the 3rd person plural present and change -ant into -abo, -ent into -ebo, -unt into -am. The endings of this tense when 1st person ends in -bo are like in praesens in the 3rd conjugation (-bo, -bis, -bit, -bimus, -bitis, -bunt). When the 1st person ends in -am, before other endings -a- changes into -e- : these verbs behave like prasens of the 2nd conjugation except the 1st person sg. (-am, -es, -et, -emus, -etis, -ent).
Examples :
I conjugation: voco, vocare, vocant:
person | singular | plural |
1 | vocabo | vocabimus |
2 | vocabis | vocabitis |
3 | vocabit | vocabunt |
II conjugation: video, videre, vident:
person | singular | plural |
1 | videbo | videbimus |
2 | videbis | videbitis |
3 | videbit | videbunt |
In the IV conjugation the 3rd person plur. ends in -iunt :
person | singular | plural |
1 | veniam | veniemus |
2 | venies | venietis |
3 | veniet | venient |
III conjugation, regular verbs:
person | singular | plural |
1 | mittam | mittemus |
2 | mittes | mittetis |
3 | mittet | mittent |
III conjugation, verbs adding -i-:
person | singular | plural |
1 | faciam | faciemus |
2 | facies | facietis |
3 | faciet | facient |
The verbs which form imperfectum irregularly, do the same in futurum. The verb sum forms futurum irregularly : sum > ero (other persons like vocabo)
person | singular | plural |
1 | ero | erimus |
2 | eris | eritis |
3 | erit | erunt |
Similarly : possum, potest > potero, prosum, prodest > prodero, absum, abest > abero.
Other irregular verbs :
ire and its forms with prefixes have -ibo : ire > ibo, abire > abibo
The other verbs form futurum regularly :
fero, ferre, ferunt > feram, feres, feret, feremus, feretis, ferent
volo, velle, volunt > volam, voles...
nolo, nolle, nolunt > nolam, noles...
malo, malle, malunt > malam, males...
fio, fieri, fiunt > fiam, fies...
inquam has only forms inquies and inquies.
Futurum passivi has regular passive endings :
when there is -b- (I, II conj.): -bor, -beris, -bitur, -bimur, -bimini, -buntur (like III conj.)
when there is -am (III, IV conj.): -ar, -eris, -etur, -emur, -emini, -entur (like II conj. except -ar)
I, II conj. (futurum in -bo > -bor)
person | singular | plural |
1 | vocabor | vocabimur |
2 | vocaberis | vocabimini |
3 | vocabitur | vocabuntur |
When there is -am:
person | singular | plural |
1 | mittar | mittemur |
2 | mitteris | mittemini |
3 | mittetur | mittentur |